Pneumatic tool.



PNEUMATIC TOOL. :.PELIGATION .FILED umm, 1912.

ATTORNEY',

f. KUROKNAY.

PNBUMATIG TOOL. APPLCATION FILEDIAPR.24,1912

1,1 10,063. Patented Sept. 8, 1914 2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

/ ATTORNEYS.

PAUL KonoiNAY, or LYNDORA, PENNSYLVANIA.

PNEUMATIC TOOL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application led April 24, 1912 Patented Sept.8, 1914. serial No. 652,857. i

Pneumatic Tools, of which the following isA a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

This invention rezlates to pneumatic tools, and more particularly to that type in connection with which vvarious kinds of bits,

drills or othertools can be used.

The primary object of my invention is to provide a pneumatic tool with a rotary piston adapted to be actuated by steam, air or gas, the piston being constructed whereby it can revolve in one direction and its movement retarded in the opposite direction until the piston has assumed its normal position.

'A further object of my invention is to provide a tool of the above type that can be safely handled, that is not liable to injury by ordinary use, and that is inexpensive to manufacture.

`lVith the aboveand other objects in view, the invention resides in the novel construction, combination and arrangement of parts to be hereinafter specifically described and then claimed.

Reference will now be had to the drawing, wherein lFigure 1 is a front elevation of a pneumatic tool in accordance with this invention,

Fig. 2 is a Vertical sectional view of the same,

Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line III-III of Fig. 2, Fig. 4 is a similar view taken on the line IV-IV of Fig. 2, Fig. 5 is a similar View taken on' the line V-V of Fig. 2, Fig. 6 is a similar view taken' on the line VI-VI of Fig. 2, Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the rotary piston partly broken away'and partly in section, Fig. 8 is a view of a movable piston member, and Fig. 9 is a similar view of a piston guide.

A pneumatic tool in accordance with this invention comprises a head 1 having the upper end thereof reduced, as at 2 and the lower end thereof, as at 3. The head 1 has a longitudinal bore 4 extendinfr from one end thereof to the opposite enzd, and this bore is enlarged to provide an annular seat 5 for a greater part of its length. The seat 5,

at the lower end of the head 1, is enlarged,

as at 6 to provide clearance for ratchet teeth T, carried by a sleeve 8 lrotatably mounted upon the seat 5.

The head 1 has diametrically opposed recesses 9 in communication with the enlarged end of the seat 5 and pivotally mounted in these recesses by vertical pins 10 are spring pressed pawls 11 adapted to engage the ratchet teeth 7 and prevent the sleeve 8 from rotating in one direction. rlhe pawls l1 are normally held in engagement with-the teeth 7 byspring pressed plungers 12 arranged within the recesses 9, said plunger having stems 13 extending into sockets 14 formed in the head 1 and in communication with the recesses 9.- The stems 13 are encircled by coiled compression springs 15 arranged within the sockets 1/1 between the bottoms of said sockets and the inner ends of the'plungers 12.

The sleeve 8 has the inner walls thereof screw threaded, as at 16 to receive an eXteriorly screw threaded piston member 17, and this member has the bore 18 thereof spirally grooved, as at 19 for a purpose that will hereinafter appear.

Mounted upon the upper reduced end 2 of the head l is a cylinder 20 having the upper end thereof closed by a head 21 provided with la handle 22. One side of the cylinder 20 has a longitudinal enlargement 21a serving functionally as a steam, air or gas chest. The enlargement 21 has a longitudinal port 22a in communication with an inlet port 23 formed in a nipple 24, carried bythe enlargement 213. The enlargement 211l has the inner side thereof reduced, as at 25 for a slide valve 26 and this slide valve has ports 27 and 28 adapted to alternately establish communication between the ends of the port 22a and the cylinder 20.

Slidably mounted in the cylinder 20 is a piston 29 having a piston rod 30. The piston 29 is adapted to alternately engage pins 31 and 32, carried by the inner side of l.the slide valve 26, whereby an upstroke of the piston 29 will raise the valve 26 by engaging the pin 31 and a down stroke of the piston will lower the valve when contacting with the pin 32.

The piston rod 30 for a greater partof its length is spirally grooved to provide spiral teeth 33 adapted to ride in the grooves 19 of the' member 17, and the lower end, of the nin piston, rod has straight equally spaced ribs.y that will presently appear: n

34, forapurpose Mounted uponv the lower reduced end 3 of the head l is a tubularbody- 35 havingy the lower end thereof reduced and lexteriorly screw threaded, as at 36 to receive a spring 42, the lower convolution of said spring terminating in a hoolrshaped end 42a for a purpose that will presently appear. Rotatably mounted withinthe body 35 is a tubular tool holder 37 having'the .lower end thereof reduced to extend into the reduced end of the body 35 and provided with a rectangular bore 38. Fitted ywithin the bore 38 isthe shank 39 of a bit 40. The bit 40 has a collar 4l adapt/ed to be held in engagement with the lower reduced end by the hoolrshaped end 42a of the spring 42. rEhe bit 40 has a longitudinal exhaust port 43 extending from one end thereof rto the opposite end.

'lhe holder 37 has the upper end thereof interiorly screw threaded, as at 44 to receive a tubular piston guide' 45,said guide having the inner walls thereof provided with longi tudinal grooves 46 for the ribs 34 of the piston rod. rlhe piston 29 and the rod 30 thereof have a longitudinal exhaust port 47 extending from one end of the piston to the opposite end, and this port is in communication with the cylinder 20 through the Inedium of an angularly disposed port 48.

The head 2l has diametrically opposed apertured lugs 49 for the upper ends of tie rods 50. rlhese tie rods extend through apertured lugs 5l, carried by diametrically opposed sides of the body 35, at the upper end thereof, said lugs extending outwardly from beneath the -head 1. The lower ends of the tie rods 50 are provided with nuts 52 and encircling said tie rods, between the nuts 52 and the lugs 51, are coiled compression springs 53.

ln operation, steam, air or gas entering the port 22a is adapted to reciprocate the piston 29 within the cylinder 20. When the air, steam or gas enters the port 27 of the slide valve 26, the piston 29 is forced downwardly, and as the port 28 of said slide valve is closed, the air, steam or gas below the piston head 29 exhausts through the port 48 and the port 47 into the tool holder 37 and through the port 43 of the bit 40. As the piston head 29 is lowered, it will eventually impinge the pin 32 and move the slide valve 26, whereby the port 28 will register with the port 22 and the port 27 be closed.` The air, steam or gas passing through the port 28 into the cylinder 20 upon the under side of the piston head 29 raises said piston head nuance and the air, steam or gas above the piston head""` erhaust through port 47, tool holder v37, and port 43 of the bit 40. A downward movementl of the v.pistonrod 30 revolves the tool holder 37 and the bit 40 thereof in one direction, but an upward movement of the piston rod 30 causes the tool holder 37 and the bit 40 thereof to remain inactive, as the spring pressed pawls ll engaging the teeth 7 of the sleeve 8 prevents a rearward rotation of the tool holder and the bit, and it is only upon a downward stroke of the piston head 29-that the tool holder 37' is revolved. ,ln other words, the head ll contains means for preventing a. rearward rotation of the tool holder, while the cylinder 2O and its contents constitutes means for revolving the tool holder in lone direction.

lt is through the medium of the tie rods 50 and the springs 52 that the' tubular body 35 and the tool holder can move relatively to the head l, to compensate for vibrations during the operation of the pneumatic tool, it being possible for the tubular body 35 to` shift longitudinally upon the ribbed end of the piston without causing any disconnection between said piston and the tool holder.

What l claim is ln a device for the purpose set forth, a tool rotating mechanism comprising a rotatable tool holder adapted 'to be impacted by-r a piston and formed with interior threads, an .interiorly threaded sleeve mounted agalnst said holder and formed with peripheral ratchet teeth, a cylindrical hollow member mounted in and engaging with the threads of said sleeve and formed on its inner face with spiral grooves, a hollow tubular piston guide arranged within and secured to the threads of said holder and prof vided with grooves forming a continuation of the grooves of said member, said guide positioned against said member, pivoted pawls engaging with said ratchet teeth to prevent rotation of said sleeves in one direc tion, and a piston capable of reciprocation through said guide and member, and being provided with ribs traveling through said grooves and rotating, said sleeve on the vupstroke of said piston, the piston and tool holder bein adapted to rotate on the downrauf.. nono AWitnesses I Ml() e POM Wanne Ananas. 

